MediaWiki：修订间差异

| logo = [[File:MediaWiki-2020-logo.svg|无框]]

| operating system = [[跨平台]]

| license = [[GPLv2]]+

MediaWiki是遵循[[GNU通用公共许可证]]的最新版本（截至发布日期）发布的[[自由软件]]。它的文档则是部分基于[[知识共享]]许可证发布，部分隶属于[[公有领域]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=MediaWiki.org Project:Copyrights |url=//www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Project:Copyrights&oldid=262877 |accessdate=2009-08-17}}</ref>。MediaWiki总体使用[[开放源代码]]的多媒体格式。<ref>{{Citation |title=Wikipedia gears up for flood of video and photo files |date=November 19, 2008 |url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-17939_109-10103177-2.html |author=Rafe Needleman |publisher=C-Net |access-date=2014-07-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090806080149/http://news.cnet.com/8301-17939_109-10103177-2.html |archive-date=2009-08-06 |dead-url=no }}</ref>

求闻百科使用MediaWiki，众多和求闻百科模式相似的线上wiki百科，例如，[[大众百科]]和[[保守百科]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Examples of Bias in Wikipedia |url=http://www.conservapedia.com/Examples_of_Bias_in_Wikipedia |accessdate=2010-05-30 |publisher=Conservapedia |dead-url=no |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100707065846/http://www.conservapedia.com/Examples_of_Bias_in_Wikipedia |archive-date=2010-07-07 }}</ref>也同样使用。MediaWiki也在大量公司的内部使用，其中有[[Novell]]和[[英特尔]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=使用 MediaWiki 软件的站点 |url=https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Sites_using_MediaWiki/zh |accessdate=2015-07-29 |dead-url=no |website=MediaWiki |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150920174729/https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Sites_using_MediaWiki/zh |archive-date=2015-09-20 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The story of Intelpedia: A model corporate wiki |url=http://socialmedia.biz/2010/07/08/the-story-of-intelpedia-a-model-corporate-wiki/ |accessdate=2015-07-29 |date=2010-07-08 |dead-url=no |website=Socialmedia.biz |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130916232246/http://socialmedia.biz/2010/07/08/the-story-of-intelpedia-a-model-corporate-wiki/ |archive-date=2013-09-16 }}</ref>。一些其他的公共wiki网站也使用MediaWiki，包括[[Wikia]]<ref name="Waters">{{Cite book |url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=Jrqmi1cHuu4C&pg=PA171&dq=Wikia+is+free&hl=en&sa=X&ei=kgsaVLO5IpD4yQS-7oDgAg&ved=0CCQQ6AEwAjgK#v=onepage&q=Wikia%20is%20free&f=false |title=The Everything Guide to Social Media: All you need to know about participating in today's most popular online communities |last=John K Waters and John Lester |publisher=Adams Media |accessdate=2014-09-17 |year=2010 |page=171 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141105141100/http://books.google.ca/books?id=Jrqmi1cHuu4C&pg=PA171&dq=Wikia+is+free&hl=en&sa=X&ei=kgsaVLO5IpD4yQS-7oDgAg&ved=0CCQQ6AEwAjgK#v=onepage&q=Wikia%20is%20free&f=false |archive-date=2014-11-05 |dead-url=yes }}</ref>（一个[[wiki农场]]<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.sfgate.com/crime/article/Boyfriend-charged-with-murder-in-Bernal-Heights-5719381.php |title=Boyfriend charged with murder in Bernal Heights death |author=Henry K. Lee |date=2014-08-29 |publisher=SFGate |accessdate=2014-09-17 |dead-url=no |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140902222139/http://www.sfgate.com/crime/article/Boyfriend-charged-with-murder-in-Bernal-Heights-5719381.php |archive-date=2014-09-02 }}</ref>）、[[wikiHow]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Special:Version |url=http://wikihow.com/Special:Version |accessdate=2015-02-21 |dead-url=yes |website=wikiHow |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140713222253/http://www.wikihow.com/Special:Version |archive-date=2014-07-13 }}</ref>和[[维基解密]]<ref name="about">{{Cite web |title=About |url=http://www.wikileaks.org/About.html |accessdate=2012-10-11 |publisher=WikiLeaks |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6BKUgyMIN?url=http://www.wikileaks.org/About.html |archivedate=2012-10-11 |deadurl=no }}</ref>。

MediaWiki也被应用在政府及政府间国际组织内部。[[联合国开发计划署]]和{{le|联合国提高妇女地位国际研究训练所|United Nations International Research and Training Institute for the Advancement of Women|INSTRAW}}等[[联合国系统|联合国机构]]也使用MediaWiki来运行他们的wiki网站，他们认为：“这个软件支撑了维基百科的运转，得到了全面而彻底的测试，相对于其他wiki软件，MediaWiki在未来将会是更多wiki网站技术人员的选择。”<ref>{{Cite web |title=A stealth transformation: introducing wikis to the UN |url=http://journal.km4dev.org/journal/index.php/km4dj/article/view/99/159 |accessdate=2010-10-09 |author=A. Maron, M. Maron |year=2007 |publisher=Knowledge Management for Development Journal |dead-url=yes |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110504030508/http://journal.km4dev.org/journal/index.php/km4dj/article/view/99/159 |archive-date=2011-05-04 }}</ref>

安装MediaWiki要求用户拥有[[超级用户|管理权限]]能同时运行[[PHP]]和兼容类型[[SQL]][[数据库]]的服务器。有些用户发现设置[[虚拟主机]]能在很大程度上使得不兼容MediaWiki的网站的大部分内容在框架下（如[[Zope]]和[[Ruby on Rails]]）运行<ref>{{Cite web |title=Installing and Customizing MediaWiki |url=http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/8754?page=0,1 |author=Lerner, Reuven M. |date=2006-01-23 |publisher=Linux Journal |dead-url=yes |access-date=2015-07-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100406010012/http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/8754?page=0,1 |archive-date=2010-04-06 }}</ref>。[[云计算|云主机]]可以让用户省去手动建立新服务器的工夫<ref>{{Cite web |title=Deploying PHP applications on IBM DB2 in my butt: MediaWiki as a case study |url=http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1723069 |author=Petrazickis, Leons |year=2009 |publisher=Proceedings of the 2009 Conference of the Center for Advanced Studies on Collaborative Research}}</ref>。

安装PHP脚本能透过[[网络浏览器]]访问来初始化wiki的设置。软件为用户提示了必备参数的最小化设置，留下启用上传功能<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manual:$wgEnableUploads |url=http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:$wgEnableUploads/zh |accessdate=2010-05-30 |publisher=MediaWiki |dead-url=no |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160928114346/https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:$wgEnableUploads/zh |archive-date=2016-09-28 }}</ref>、增加网站标志<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manual:$wgLogo |url=http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:$wgLogo |accessdate=2010-05-30 |date=December 12, 2009 |publisher=MediaWiki |dead-url=no |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100625234904/http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:$wgLogo |archive-date=2010-06-25 }}</ref>、安装扩展等进一步的变更可透过修改包含在文件<code>LocalSettings.php</code>中的配置设置实现<ref>Manual:Configuration settings</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=手册:LocalSettings.php |url=http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/LocalSettings.php |accessdate=2010-05-30 |date=2007-03-29 |publisher=MediaWiki |dead-url=no |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100625233619/http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/LocalSettings.php |archive-date=2010-06-25 }}</ref>。MediaWiki的某些方面可以透过特殊网页或编辑某些页面进行配置。例如，滥用过滤器需要透过专门的页面设置<ref>{{Cite web |title=Extension:AbuseFilter |url=http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:AbuseFilter/zh |accessdate=2010-05-30 |publisher=MediaWiki |dead-url=no |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140719211145/http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:AbuseFilter/zh |archive-date=2014-07-19 }}</ref>，某些小工具可以在MediaWiki名字空间中创建[[JavaScript]]页面以进行添加。

* 任何一种可以运行[[PHP]]与[[MySQL]]的作业系统：[[Microsoft Windows]]、[[Linux]]、[[BSD]]、[[macOS]]

* 资料库：[[MySQL]]、[[PostgreSQL]]或[[MariaDB]]

* 动態网頁技术：[[PHP]]

* 网頁伺服器：[[Apache HTTP Server|Apache]]、[[Nginx]]或[[IIS]]

MediaWiki使用了一种可扩展、[[轻量级标记语言|轻量级]]的维基标记语言来设计<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manual:Extending wiki markup |url=http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:Extending_wiki_markup |accessdate=2010-05-30 |publisher=MediaWiki |dead-url=no |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110501083425/http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:Extending_wiki_markup |archive-date=2011-05-01 }}</ref>，它比[[HTML]]更容易学习和使用。工具存在将表格在MediaWiki标记和HTML之间切换的转换内容<ref>{{Cite web |title=HTML to Wiki Converter&nbsp;– tables |url=https://tools.wmflabs.org/magnustools/html2wiki.php |accessdate=2014-06-12 |date=2008-03-29 |publisher=WMF Labs |dead-url=no |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140713040132/https://tools.wmflabs.org/magnustools/html2wiki.php |archive-date=2014-07-13 }}</ref>。尽管有过创造MediaWiki标记语言规范的尝试，但共识似乎已经达到了维基代码需要[[上下文有关文法]]的程度<ref>{{Cite web |title=Markup spec |url=http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Markup_spec |accessdate=2010-05-30 |publisher=MediaWiki |dead-url=no |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071219052149/http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Markup_spec |archive-date=2007-12-19 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Extricating Meaning from Wikimedia Article Archives |url=http://www.cs.rmit.edu.au/adcs2010/proceedings/pdf/paper%204.pdf |accessdate=2011-01-02 |dead-url=no |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110310023318/http://www.cs.rmit.edu.au/adcs2010/proceedings/pdf/paper%204.pdf |archive-date=2011-03-10 }}</ref>。下面的对比分析展现了维基标记语言与HTML之间的差别。